Class 7, Maths

Class 7 : Maths โ€“ Lesson 7. A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines

EXPLANATION AND ANALYSIS

๐Ÿ”ต Introduction: When Lines Meet in Different Ways

๐Ÿง  In earlier lessons, we learned about parallel lines and intersecting lines. We saw how two lines can meet at a point and form angles. In real life and geometry, there are situations where three lines intersect with each other, creating interesting patterns and relationships between angles.

๐ŸŒฟ Examples from daily life
๐Ÿ”ต Road junctions with three roads
๐ŸŸข The letter โ€œYโ€ shape
๐ŸŸก Triangular supports in bridges
๐Ÿ”ด Arrow signs and direction boards

This chapter explores how three intersecting lines behave and what special angle relationships are formed when they meet.

๐ŸŸข Understanding Intersecting Lines Again

๐Ÿง  Intersecting lines are lines that meet or cross at a point.

๐Ÿ”น Two intersecting lines meet at one point
๐Ÿ”น They form angles at the point of intersection

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
Two roads crossing at a junction are intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ’ก Concept:
Angles are formed only when lines intersect.

๐Ÿ”ต Three Intersecting Lines

๐Ÿง  When three lines intersect at a single point, they divide the space around the point into several angles.

๐Ÿ”น All three lines pass through the same point
๐Ÿ”น More angles are formed compared to two intersecting lines

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
Three sticks tied together at one end form three intersecting lines.

โœ๏ธ Note:
All three lines must meet at the same point to be called three intersecting lines.

๐ŸŸข Angles Formed by Three Intersecting Lines

๐Ÿง  Three intersecting lines form six angles at the point of intersection.

๐Ÿ”น These angles are arranged around the point
๐Ÿ”น Some angles may be equal
๐Ÿ”น All angles together make a full turn

๐Ÿ“Œ Observation
The sum of all angles around a point is 360 degrees.

๐Ÿ’ก Concept:
This rule helps us find unknown angles easily.

๐Ÿ”ต Adjacent Angles

๐Ÿง  Adjacent angles are angles that lie next to each other.

๐Ÿ”น They share a common arm
๐Ÿ”น They share a common vertex
๐Ÿ”น They do not overlap

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
Two angles formed side by side by intersecting lines are adjacent angles.

โœ๏ธ Note:
Adjacent angles together form a larger angle.

๐ŸŸข Vertically Opposite Angles

๐Ÿง  Vertically opposite angles are angles formed when two lines intersect.

๐Ÿ”น They lie opposite to each other
๐Ÿ”น They are always equal in measure

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
If one angle is 40ยฐ, the vertically opposite angle is also 40ยฐ.

๐Ÿ’ก Concept:
This property holds true even when more lines pass through the same point.

๐Ÿ”ต Angle Sum Around a Point

๐Ÿง  When several angles meet at a point, their total sum is always 360 degrees.

๐Ÿ”น This is called a complete angle
๐Ÿ”น It represents a full rotation

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
If five angles around a point are known, the sixth can be found by subtracting their sum from 360ยฐ.

โœ๏ธ Note:
This rule is very important for solving angle problems.

๐ŸŸก Special Angle Relationships with Three Lines

๐Ÿง  When three lines intersect, different types of angle relationships appear.

๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles
๐Ÿ”น Angles around a point

๐Ÿ“Œ Example
In a three-line intersection, opposite angles across the same two lines remain equal.

๐Ÿ’ก Concept:
Understanding these relationships helps in solving geometry problems.

๐Ÿ”ด Common Mistakes to Avoid

๐Ÿ”ด Forgetting that all angles around a point add up to 360ยฐ
๐Ÿ”ด Confusing adjacent angles with vertically opposite angles
๐Ÿ”ด Assuming all angles formed are equal
๐Ÿ”ด Ignoring the position of lines

โœ๏ธ Note:
Always draw a neat figure and label angles clearly.

๐ŸŸข Importance of Studying Three Intersecting Lines

๐Ÿง  This chapter helps students to:

๐Ÿ”น Understand angle relationships clearly
๐Ÿ”น Solve geometry questions confidently
๐Ÿ”น Build a strong base for transversals and polygons
๐Ÿ”น Apply geometry in real-life designs

These ideas are essential for advanced geometry in higher classes.

๐Ÿ“˜ Summary

๐Ÿ”ต Three intersecting lines meet at a single point
๐ŸŸข They form six angles
๐ŸŸก Vertically opposite angles are equal
๐Ÿ”ด Adjacent angles lie next to each other
๐Ÿ”ต Sum of angles around a point is 360ยฐ
๐ŸŸข Angle relationships help find unknown angles

๐Ÿ“ Quick Recap

๐Ÿ“ Quick Recap
๐Ÿ”ต Intersecting lines meet at a point
๐ŸŸข Three intersecting lines form six angles
๐ŸŸก Vertically opposite angles are equal
๐Ÿ”ด Adjacent angles share a common side
๐Ÿ”ต Angles around a point add up to 360ยฐ

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TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

๐Ÿ”ต 1. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Use the points on the circle and/or the centre to form isosceles triangles.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Let the centre be O and take any two distinct points on the circle, say P and Q.
๐Ÿ”น Join OP, OQ, and PQ to form triangle OPQ.
๐Ÿ”น OP = OQ because both are radii of the same circle.
๐Ÿ”น Therefore, triangle OPQ is isosceles.

๐Ÿ”น More isosceles triangles (same idea):
๐Ÿ”ธ Choose any other pair of points R and S on the circle.
๐Ÿ”ธ Join OR, OS, and RS.
๐Ÿ”ธ OR = OS (radii), so triangle ORS is isosceles.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Use the points on the circles and/or their centres to form isosceles and equilateral triangles. The circles are of the same size.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:

๐Ÿ”น First diagram (two equal circles with centres A and B):
๐Ÿ”ธ Let the circles intersect at two points; call them P and Q.
๐Ÿ”ธ Join A to P and A to Q, and join P to Q.
๐Ÿ”ธ AP = AQ (radii of circle with centre A), so triangle APQ is isosceles.
๐Ÿ”ธ Similarly, join B to P and B to Q, and join P to Q.
๐Ÿ”ธ BP = BQ (radii of circle with centre B), so triangle BPQ is isosceles.

๐Ÿ”น Second diagram (three equal circles with centres A, B, and C):
๐Ÿ”ธ A, B, and C are centres of equal circles.
๐Ÿ”ธ From the diagram, each centre lies on the other two circles.
๐Ÿ”ธ So AB is a radius (A lies on Bโ€™s circle and B is its centre), hence AB = r.
๐Ÿ”ธ Similarly, BC = r and CA = r.
๐Ÿ”ธ Therefore AB = BC = CA.
๐Ÿ”น So triangle ABC is equilateral.

๐Ÿ”น Also, isosceles triangles can be formed using intersection points:
๐Ÿ”ธ Take any two intersection points on the circle with centre A, say P and Q.
๐Ÿ”ธ Then AP = AQ (radii), so triangle APQ is isosceles.
๐Ÿ”ธ Same works with centre B or centre C.

๐Ÿ”ต 2. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. We checked by construction that there are no triangles having sidelengths 3 cm, 4 cm and 8 cm; and 2 cm, 3 cm and 6 cm. Check if you could have found this without trying to construct the triangle.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น A triangle exists only if the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side.

๐Ÿ”น For 3 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm:
๐Ÿ”ธ 3 + 4 = 7
๐Ÿ”ธ 7 < 8
๐Ÿ”น Since the sum of two sides is less than the third side, triangle cannot be formed.

๐Ÿ”น For 2 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm:
๐Ÿ”ธ 2 + 3 = 5
๐Ÿ”ธ 5 < 6
๐Ÿ”น Again, the sum of two sides is less than the third side.
๐Ÿ”น So no triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ”น Therefore, without construction, using the triangle inequality rule, we can conclude that such triangles do not exist.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Can we say anything about the existence of a triangle for each of the following sets of lengths?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 10 km, 10 km and 25 km

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 10 + 10 = 20
๐Ÿ”น 20 < 25
๐Ÿ”น The sum of two sides is less than the third side.
๐Ÿ”น Therefore, no triangle can be formed.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 10 = 15
๐Ÿ”น 15 < 20
๐Ÿ”น The triangle inequality condition is not satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น So, no triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 12 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 12 + 20 = 32
๐Ÿ”น 32 < 40
๐Ÿ”น The sum of two sides is less than the third side.
๐Ÿ”น Therefore, triangle cannot be formed.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 3. For the set of lengths 10 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm, check the comparisons.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 10 < 15 + 30
๐Ÿ”ธ 10 < 45 (true)

๐Ÿ”น 15 < 10 + 30
๐Ÿ”ธ 15 < 40 (true)

๐Ÿ”น 30 < 10 + 15
๐Ÿ”ธ 30 < 25 (false)

๐Ÿ”น Since one comparison fails (30 is greater than the sum of the other two), triangle cannot be formed.

๐Ÿ”น Conclusion: For a triangle to exist, the sum of any two sides must be strictly greater than the third side in all three comparisons.

๐Ÿ”ต 3. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Which of the following lengths can be the sidelengths of a triangle? Explain your answers.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น A triangle is possible only if the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side.
๐Ÿ”น We check each set using the triangle inequality.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 2, 2, 5

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 2 + 2 = 4
๐Ÿ”น 4 < 5
๐Ÿ”น Condition not satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle not possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 3, 4, 6

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 3 + 4 = 7 > 6
๐Ÿ”น 3 + 6 = 9 > 4
๐Ÿ”น 4 + 6 = 10 > 3
๐Ÿ”น All three conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 2, 4, 8

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 2 + 4 = 6
๐Ÿ”น 6 < 8
๐Ÿ”น Condition fails.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle not possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (d) 5, 5, 8

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 5 = 10 > 8
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 8 = 13 > 5
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 8 = 13 > 5
๐Ÿ”น All conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (e) 10, 20, 25

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 10 + 20 = 30 > 25
๐Ÿ”น 10 + 25 = 35 > 20
๐Ÿ”น 20 + 25 = 45 > 10
๐Ÿ”น All conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (f) 10, 20, 35

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 10 + 20 = 30
๐Ÿ”น 30 < 35
๐Ÿ”น Condition fails.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle not possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (g) 24, 26, 28

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 24 + 26 = 50 > 28
๐Ÿ”น 24 + 28 = 52 > 26
๐Ÿ”น 26 + 28 = 54 > 24
๐Ÿ”น All three conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle is possible.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Final Conclusion:
๐Ÿ”น A triangle can be formed for sets (b), (d), (e), and (g).
๐Ÿ”น A triangle cannot be formed for sets (a), (c), and (f).

๐Ÿ”ต 4. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Check if a triangle exists for each of the following set of lengths:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 1, 100, 100

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 1 + 100 = 101 > 100
๐Ÿ”น 100 + 100 = 200 > 1
๐Ÿ”น 1 + 100 = 101 > 100
๐Ÿ”น All three conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle exists.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 3, 6, 9

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 3 + 6 = 9
๐Ÿ”น 9 is not greater than 9.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle inequality not satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle does not exist.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 1, 1, 5

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 1 + 1 = 2
๐Ÿ”น 2 < 5
๐Ÿ”น Condition fails.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle does not exist.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (d) 5, 10, 12

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 10 = 15 > 12
๐Ÿ”น 5 + 12 = 17 > 10
๐Ÿ”น 10 + 12 = 22 > 5
๐Ÿ”น All conditions satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle exists.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Does there exist an equilateral triangle with sides 50, 50, 50? In general, does there exist an equilateral triangle of any sidelength? Justify your answer.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น For sides 50, 50, 50:
๐Ÿ”ธ 50 + 50 = 100 > 50
๐Ÿ”ธ Condition satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น Therefore, such an equilateral triangle exists.

๐Ÿ”น In general:
๐Ÿ”ธ For any positive number a,
๐Ÿ”ธ a + a = 2a > a
๐Ÿ”ธ Hence, triangle inequality is always satisfied.
๐Ÿ”น So an equilateral triangle exists for any positive sidelength.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 3. For each of the following, give at least 5 possible values for the third length so there exists a triangle having these as sidelengths:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 1, 100

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Third side x must satisfy:
๐Ÿ”ธ 100 โˆ’ 1 < x < 100 + 1
๐Ÿ”ธ 99 < x < 101
๐Ÿ”น Five possible values:
๐Ÿ”ธ 99.2
๐Ÿ”ธ 99.5
๐Ÿ”ธ 100
๐Ÿ”ธ 100.4
๐Ÿ”ธ 100.8

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 5, 5

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Third side x must satisfy:
๐Ÿ”ธ 5 โˆ’ 5 < x < 5 + 5
๐Ÿ”ธ 0 < x < 10
๐Ÿ”น Five possible values:
๐Ÿ”ธ 2
๐Ÿ”ธ 4
๐Ÿ”ธ 6
๐Ÿ”ธ 8
๐Ÿ”ธ 9

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 3, 7

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Third side x must satisfy:
๐Ÿ”ธ 7 โˆ’ 3 < x < 7 + 3
๐Ÿ”ธ 4 < x < 10
๐Ÿ”น Five possible values:
๐Ÿ”ธ 5
๐Ÿ”ธ 6
๐Ÿ”ธ 7
๐Ÿ”ธ 8
๐Ÿ”ธ 9

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Final Observation:
๐Ÿ”น For two given sides a and b, the third side must satisfy
๐Ÿ”ธ |a โˆ’ b| < x < a + b

๐Ÿ”ต 5. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Construct triangles for the following measurements where the angle is included between the sides:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 3 cm, 75ยฐ, 7 cm

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point A, construct an angle of 75ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: On the second arm of the angle, mark point C such that AC = 3 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Join BC.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle ABC is the required triangle.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 6 cm, 25ยฐ, 3 cm

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment PQ = 6 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point P, construct an angle of 25ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: On the second arm of the angle, mark point R such that PR = 3 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Join QR.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle PQR is the required triangle.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 3 cm, 120ยฐ, 8 cm

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment XY = 8 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point X, construct an angle of 120ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: On the second arm of the angle, mark point Z such that XZ = 3 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Join YZ.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle XYZ is the required triangle.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Observation:
๐Ÿ”น In each case, two sides and the included angle are given.
๐Ÿ”น A triangle can be uniquely constructed using the SAS (Sideโ€“Angleโ€“Side) condition.

๐Ÿ”ต 6. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Construct triangles for the following measurements:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 75ยฐ, 5 cm, 75ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point A, construct an angle of 75ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: At point B, construct an angle of 75ยฐ on the same side of AB.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Let the two arms meet at point C.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle ABC is the required triangle.
๐Ÿ”น The third angle will be 180ยฐ โˆ’ (75ยฐ + 75ยฐ) = 30ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 25ยฐ, 3 cm, 60ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment PQ = 3 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point P, construct an angle of 25ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: At point Q, construct an angle of 60ยฐ on the same side of PQ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Let the two arms meet at point R.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle PQR is the required triangle.
๐Ÿ”น The third angle will be 180ยฐ โˆ’ (25ยฐ + 60ยฐ) = 95ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 120ยฐ, 6 cm, 30ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment XY = 6 cm.
๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point X, construct an angle of 120ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Step 3: At point Y, construct an angle of 30ยฐ on the same side of XY.
๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Let the two arms meet at point Z.
๐Ÿ”น Triangle XYZ is the required triangle.
๐Ÿ”น The third angle will be 180ยฐ โˆ’ (120ยฐ + 30ยฐ) = 30ยฐ.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Observation:
๐Ÿ”น In each case, two angles and the included side are given.
๐Ÿ”น A triangle can be uniquely constructed using the ASA (Angleโ€“Sideโ€“Angle) condition.

๐Ÿ”ต 7. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. For each of the following angles, find another angle for which a triangle is (a) possible, (b) not possible. Find at least two different angles for each category:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 30ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น In a triangle, sum of angles = 180ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”น (a) Triangle possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ Choose 60ยฐ โ†’ 30ยฐ + 60ยฐ = 90ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”
๐Ÿ”ธ Choose 100ยฐ โ†’ 30ยฐ + 100ยฐ = 130ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”

๐Ÿ”น (b) Triangle not possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ Choose 150ยฐ โ†’ 30ยฐ + 150ยฐ = 180ยฐ โœ˜
๐Ÿ”ธ Choose 160ยฐ โ†’ 30ยฐ + 160ยฐ = 190ยฐ โœ˜

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 70ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น (a) Triangle possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 50ยฐ โ†’ 70ยฐ + 50ยฐ = 120ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”
๐Ÿ”ธ 80ยฐ โ†’ 70ยฐ + 80ยฐ = 150ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”

๐Ÿ”น (b) Triangle not possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 110ยฐ โ†’ 70ยฐ + 110ยฐ = 180ยฐ โœ˜
๐Ÿ”ธ 120ยฐ โ†’ 70ยฐ + 120ยฐ = 190ยฐ โœ˜

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 54ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น (a) Triangle possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 60ยฐ โ†’ 54ยฐ + 60ยฐ = 114ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”
๐Ÿ”ธ 100ยฐ โ†’ 54ยฐ + 100ยฐ = 154ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”

๐Ÿ”น (b) Triangle not possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 126ยฐ โ†’ 54ยฐ + 126ยฐ = 180ยฐ โœ˜
๐Ÿ”ธ 140ยฐ โ†’ 54ยฐ + 140ยฐ = 194ยฐ โœ˜

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (d) 144ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น (a) Triangle possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 20ยฐ โ†’ 144ยฐ + 20ยฐ = 164ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”
๐Ÿ”ธ 30ยฐ โ†’ 144ยฐ + 30ยฐ = 174ยฐ < 180ยฐ โœ”

๐Ÿ”น (b) Triangle not possible:
๐Ÿ”ธ 36ยฐ โ†’ 144ยฐ + 36ยฐ = 180ยฐ โœ˜
๐Ÿ”ธ 50ยฐ โ†’ 144ยฐ + 50ยฐ = 194ยฐ โœ˜

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Determine which of the following pairs can be the angles of a triangle and which cannot:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 35ยฐ, 150ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 35ยฐ + 150ยฐ = 185ยฐ > 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Not possible.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 70ยฐ, 30ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 70ยฐ + 30ยฐ = 100ยฐ < 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Possible.
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 100ยฐ = 80ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 90ยฐ, 85ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 90ยฐ + 85ยฐ = 175ยฐ < 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Possible.
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 5ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (d) 50ยฐ, 150ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น 50ยฐ + 150ยฐ = 200ยฐ > 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Not possible.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Final Rule:
๐Ÿ”น For two angles to form a triangle, their sum must be strictly less than 180ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”ต 8. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Find the third angle of a triangle (using a parallel line) when two of the angles are:

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (a) 36ยฐ, 72ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น In a triangle, sum of angles = 180ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ (36ยฐ + 72ยฐ)
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 108ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 72ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer: 72ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (b) 150ยฐ, 15ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of angles in triangle = 180ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ (150ยฐ + 15ยฐ)
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 165ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 15ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer: 15ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (c) 90ยฐ, 30ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of the two given angles = 90ยฐ + 30ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sum = 120ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 120ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 60ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer: 60ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ (d) 75ยฐ, 45ยฐ

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of the two given angles = 75ยฐ + 45ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sum = 120ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 120ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 60ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer: 60ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Can you construct a triangle all of whose angles are equal to 70ยฐ? If two of the angles are 70ยฐ what would the third angle be? If all the angles in a triangle have to be equal, then what must its measure be? Explore and find out.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น If two angles are 70ยฐ, their sum = 70ยฐ + 70ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sum = 140ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 140ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Third angle = 40ยฐ

๐Ÿ”น Therefore, triangle cannot have all angles 70ยฐ because 70ยฐ + 70ยฐ + 70ยฐ = 210ยฐ which is greater than 180ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”น If all angles in a triangle are equal, let each angle be x.
๐Ÿ”น x + x + x = 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น 3x = 180ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น x = 180ยฐ รท 3
๐Ÿ”น x = 60ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer:
All angles equal โ‡’ each angle must be 60ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 3. Here is a triangle in which we know โˆ B = โˆ C and โˆ A = 50ยฐ. Can you find โˆ B and โˆ C?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of angles in triangle = 180ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Given โˆ A = 50ยฐ.
๐Ÿ”น Remaining angles sum = 180ยฐ โˆ’ 50ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Remaining sum = 130ยฐ

๐Ÿ”น Since โˆ B = โˆ C, let each be x.
๐Ÿ”น x + x = 130ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น 2x = 130ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น x = 130ยฐ รท 2
๐Ÿ”น x = 65ยฐ

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer:
โˆ B = 65ยฐ
โˆ C = 65ยฐ

๐Ÿ”ต 9. FIGURE IT OUT ?

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 1. Construct a triangle ABC with BC = 5 cm, AB = 6 cm, CA = 5 cm. Construct an altitude from A to BC.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:

๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment BC = 5 cm.

๐Ÿ”น Step 2: With centre B and radius 6 cm, draw an arc.

๐Ÿ”น Step 3: With centre C and radius 5 cm, draw another arc cutting the previous arc at point A.

๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Join A to B and A to C.
Triangle ABC is constructed.

๐Ÿ”น Step 5: To construct altitude from A to BC:
Place the compass at A and draw an arc cutting BC at two points.

๐Ÿ”น Step 6: With those two points as centres and equal radius, draw arcs intersecting below BC.

๐Ÿ”น Step 7: Join A to the point of intersection of these arcs.

The line drawn from A perpendicular to BC is the altitude.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 2. Construct a triangle TRY with RY = 4 cm, TR = 7 cm, โˆ R = 140ยฐ. Construct an altitude from T to RY.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:

๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment RY = 4 cm.

๐Ÿ”น Step 2: At point R, construct an angle of 140ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”น Step 3: On one arm of the angle, mark point T such that RT = 7 cm.

๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Join T to Y.
Triangle TRY is constructed.

๐Ÿ”น Step 5: To construct altitude from T to RY:
With centre T, draw an arc cutting RY at two points.

๐Ÿ”น Step 6: With those two points as centres and equal radius, draw arcs intersecting below RY.

๐Ÿ”น Step 7: Join T to the intersection point of arcs.

This line is perpendicular to RY and is the required altitude.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 3. Construct a right-angled triangle ฮ”ABC with โˆ B = 90ยฐ, AC = 5 cm. How many different triangles exist with these measurements?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Step 1: Draw a line segment AC = 5 cm.

๐Ÿ”น Step 2: Find the midpoint O of AC.

๐Ÿ”น Step 3: With centre O and radius OA, draw a circle (so AC is a diameter).

๐Ÿ”น Step 4: Choose any point B on the circle, on either side of AC (but not at A or C).

๐Ÿ”น Step 5: Join AB and BC.

๐Ÿ”น Since AC is a diameter, the angle subtended by AC at any point B on the circle is 90ยฐ.

๐Ÿ”น Therefore, โˆ B = 90ยฐ for every such choice of B.

๐Ÿ”น Because point B can be chosen at infinitely many positions on the circle (except A and C), infinitely many different triangles are possible.

โœ”๏ธ Final Answer: Infinitely many triangles.

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ 4. Through construction, explore if it is possible to construct:
(i) an equilateral triangle that is right-angled
(ii) an equilateral triangle that is obtuse-angled
Also construct an isosceles triangle that is
(i) right-angled
(ii) obtuse-angled.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:

๐Ÿ”น In an equilateral triangle, all angles are 60ยฐ.
So it cannot be right-angled (90ยฐ) or obtuse-angled (> 90ยฐ).

Therefore:
(i) Not possible
(ii) Not possible

๐Ÿ”น An isosceles triangle has two equal sides.

(i) Right-angled isosceles triangle is possible.
Example: angles 45ยฐ, 45ยฐ, 90ยฐ.

(ii) Obtuse-angled isosceles triangle is possible.
Example: angles 100ยฐ, 40ยฐ, 40ยฐ.

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OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

ESPECIALLY MADE FOR THIS LESSON ONLY

๐Ÿ”ต Section A โ€“ Very Short Answer (1 ร— 6 = 6 marks)

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 1
What is meant by intersecting lines?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Intersecting lines are lines that meet or cross at a point

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 2
How many lines are involved in three intersecting lines?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Three lines are involved

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 3
How many angles are formed when three lines intersect at a point?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Six angles are formed

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 4
What is the sum of all angles around a point?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น The sum of all angles around a point is 360ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 5
True or False: Vertically opposite angles are always equal.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น True

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 6
Name one type of angle formed by intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angle

๐ŸŸข Section B โ€“ Short Answer I (2 ร— 6 = 12 marks)

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 7
Define three intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Three intersecting lines are three lines that meet at the same point

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 8
What is a point of intersection?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น The point where two or more lines meet is called the point of intersection

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 9
What are adjacent angles?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles share a common vertex and a common arm
๐Ÿ”น They lie next to each other

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 10
State one property of vertically opposite angles.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 11
How many degrees make a complete angle?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น A complete angle measures 360ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 12
Do all angles formed by three intersecting lines have equal measure? Give reason.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น No, all angles are not equal
๐Ÿ”น Only vertically opposite angles are equal

๐ŸŸก Section C โ€“ Short Answer II (3 ร— 10 = 30 marks)

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 13
Explain how many angles are formed by three intersecting lines and why.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Three lines intersecting at one point divide the space around the point
๐Ÿ”น This results in six angles

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 14
Explain the term โ€œangle around a pointโ€.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Angles formed around a point together make a complete turn
๐Ÿ”น Their sum is 360ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 15
State the relation between vertically opposite angles formed by intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles are always equal

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 16
If one angle formed by three intersecting lines is 50ยฐ, find its vertically opposite angle.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles are equal
๐Ÿ”น Required angle = 50ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 17
If five angles around a point are 60ยฐ, 70ยฐ, 80ยฐ, 40ยฐ, and 50ยฐ, find the sixth angle.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of angles around a point = 360ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sum of given angles = 60 + 70 + 80 + 40 + 50 = 300ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sixth angle = 360 โˆ’ 300 = 60ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 18
Explain the meaning of adjacent angles with an example.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles lie next to each other
๐Ÿ”น They share a common arm and vertex

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 19
Why is the rule โ€œsum of angles around a point is 360ยฐโ€ important?

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น It helps find unknown angles
๐Ÿ”น It is useful in solving geometry problems

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 20
Can three lines intersect at different points and still be called three intersecting lines? Explain.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น No, all three lines must meet at the same point
๐Ÿ”น Otherwise, they are not three intersecting lines

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 21
Name two types of angles formed by three intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 22
Explain why drawing a neat diagram is important in angle problems.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Diagrams help visualise angles clearly
๐Ÿ”น They reduce mistakes in calculation

๐Ÿ”ด Section D โ€“ Long Answer (4 ร— 8 = 32 marks)

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 23
Explain three intersecting lines and the angles formed by them.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Three intersecting lines meet at a single point
๐Ÿ”น They form six angles around that point
๐Ÿ”น Some angles are equal due to vertical opposite angle property
๐Ÿ”น The sum of all angles around the point is 360ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 24
Explain vertically opposite angles with a suitable example.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Vertically opposite angles are opposite each other when two lines intersect
๐Ÿ”น They are always equal
๐Ÿ”น Example: If one angle is 40ยฐ, the opposite angle is also 40ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 25
Explain adjacent angles and their properties.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles share a common vertex
๐Ÿ”น They share one common arm
๐Ÿ”น They lie next to each other

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 26
Five angles around a point are 30ยฐ, 60ยฐ, 90ยฐ, 70ยฐ, and 80ยฐ. Find the sixth angle.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Sum of angles around a point = 360ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sum of given angles = 30 + 60 + 90 + 70 + 80 = 330ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Sixth angle = 360 โˆ’ 330 = 30ยฐ

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 27
Explain the importance of the concept of three intersecting lines in geometry.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Helps understand angle relationships
๐Ÿ”น Helps solve angle-based problems
๐Ÿ”น Forms the base for advanced geometry

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 28
Explain with reasons whether all angles formed by three intersecting lines are equal.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น No, all angles are not equal
๐Ÿ”น Only vertically opposite angles are equal
๐Ÿ”น Adjacent angles are different in measure

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 29
List four common mistakes students make while solving problems on intersecting lines.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Forgetting that angles around a point sum to 360ยฐ
๐Ÿ”น Confusing adjacent and vertically opposite angles
๐Ÿ”น Not using the correct angle property
๐Ÿ”น Drawing incorrect diagrams

๐Ÿ”’ โ“ Question 30
Explain how the concept of three intersecting lines is useful in daily life.

๐Ÿ“Œ โœ… Answer:
๐Ÿ”น Used in road junction design
๐Ÿ”น Used in construction and architecture
๐Ÿ”น Helps understand direction and angles
๐Ÿ”น Useful in drawing and engineering

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