Class 7 : English – Lesson 16. Grammar
SUBJECT -VERB AGREEMENT
🟦 SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT
🔵💠 What is Subject–Verb Agreement?
🌈 Definition: The verb must agree with the subject in number and person.
🎯 Singular subject → singular verb
🎯 Plural subject → plural verb
✨ Example: She plays well. / They play well.
🟢💠 Basic Rule (Core Formula)
👉 Singular Subject + Singular Verb
👉 Plural Subject + Plural Verb
🔹 He runs fast.
🔹 They run fast.
💡 In present tense, singular subject takes s/es.
🟣💠 Important Rules (with Examples)
1️⃣ 📝 Two Subjects Joined by “and” → Plural Verb
✨ Ram and Shyam are friends.
2️⃣ 🔗 Subjects Joined by “or / nor” → Verb Agrees with Nearest Subject
✨ Either Ram or his friends are coming.
✨ Either his friends or Ram is coming.
3️⃣ 👤 Each / Every / Everyone / Someone → Singular Verb
✨ Each student is ready.
✨ Everyone likes music.
4️⃣ ⚖ Collective Nouns → Usually Singular
✨ The team is winning.
✨ The family is happy.
5️⃣ 📊 Uncountable Nouns → Singular Verb
✨ Milk is good for health.
✨ Information is useful.
6️⃣ 🔢 A Number of / The Number of
✨ A number of students are absent.
✨ The number of students is small.
🔴💠 Precautions & Common Errors
⚠ Do not add “s” to verb with plural subject.
❌ They plays football.
✅ They play football.
⚠ Do not forget “s/es” with singular subject in present tense.
❌ He play cricket.
✅ He plays cricket.
⚠ Words like each, everyone, someone take singular verb.
❌ Everyone are happy.
✅ Everyone is happy.
⚠ With “or/nor”, verb agrees with nearest subject.
❌ Either the boys or the teacher are coming.
✅ Either the boys or the teacher is coming.
⚠ Uncountable nouns take singular verb.
❌ Furniture are costly.
✅ Furniture is costly.
🟡💠 Rapid Recall Table
📌 Singular → verb + s/es
📌 Plural → base verb
📌 Each / Every → singular
📌 And → plural
📌 Or / Nor → nearest subject
📌 Uncountable → singular
📝 PRACTICE SECTION (Exam Pattern)
🟢 Set A — Fill in the Blanks (12 Q)
1.She _ (play) tennis daily.
2.They _ (go) to school together.
3.Every student _ (have) a book.
4.Ram and Mohan _ (are/is) friends.
5.Either the teacher or the students _ (is/are) present.
6.The team _ (is/are) winning the match.
7.Milk _ (is/are) good for health.
8.A number of boys _ (is/are) absent today.
9.The number of students _ (is/are) small.
10.Someone _ (knows/know) the answer.
11.The furniture _ (is/are) new.
12.He _ (watch) TV every evening.
✔ Answers: plays, go, has, are, are, is, is, are, is, knows, is, watches
🔵 Set B — Error Correction (10 Q)
1.He go to school daily. → goes
2.They plays cricket. → play
3.Every student are ready. → is ready
4.Ram or his friends is coming. → are coming
5.The team are winning. → is winning
6.Milk are white. → is white
7.A number of students is absent. → are absent
8.The number of books are small. → is small
9.Someone know the answer. → knows
10.The furniture are costly. → is costly
🟣 Set C — MCQs (6 Q)
🔒 ❓ Q1. She _ to school daily.
🟢 1️⃣ go
🔵 2️⃣ goes
🟡 3️⃣ going
🟣 4️⃣ gone
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ goes
🔒 ❓ Q2. Ram and Shyam _ friends.
🟢 1️⃣ is
🔵 2️⃣ are
🟡 3️⃣ was
🟣 4️⃣ be
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ are
🔒 ❓ Q3. Everyone _ happy.
🟢 1️⃣ are
🔵 2️⃣ is
🟡 3️⃣ were
🟣 4️⃣ be
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ is
🔒 ❓ Q4. Milk _ good for health.
🟢 1️⃣ are
🔵 2️⃣ were
🟡 3️⃣ is
🟣 4️⃣ be
✔ Answer: 🟡 3️⃣ is
🔒 ❓ Q5. Either the boys or the teacher _ present.
🟢 1️⃣ are
🔵 2️⃣ is
🟡 3️⃣ were
🟣 4️⃣ be
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ is
🔒 ❓ Q6. A number of students _ absent.
🟢 1️⃣ is
🔵 2️⃣ are
🟡 3️⃣ was
🟣 4️⃣ be
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ are
🔴 Set D — Sentence Transformation (6 Q)
1.❌ He play football.
✅ He plays football.
2.❌ They goes to school.
✅ They go to school.
3.❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
4.❌ Milk are fresh.
✅ Milk is fresh.
5.❌ Ram and Mohan is friends.
✅ Ram and Mohan are friends.
6.❌ The furniture are new.
✅ The furniture is new.
🌟 Final Summary (Quick Memory Box)
✨ Singular subject → singular verb.
✨ Plural subject → plural verb.
✨ Each / Everyone → singular.
✨ And → plural verb.
✨ Or/Nor → nearest subject rule.
✨ Uncountable nouns → singular verb.
🏆 CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY
✔ All agreement rules rechecked.
✔ Nearest subject rule verified.
✔ Uncountable noun usage confirmed.
✔ All answers grammatically validated.
✔ Content aligned to Class 7 level.
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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
🟦 ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
🔵💠 What is Voice?
🌈 Definition: Voice shows whether the subject does the action or receives it.
🎯 Active → Subject does the action.
🎯 Passive → Subject receives the action.
✨ Active: Ram writes a letter.
✨ Passive: A letter is written by Ram.
🟢💠 Basic Structure Rule
👉 Active: Subject + Verb + Object
👉 Passive: Object + Helping Verb + V₃ + by + Subject
🔹 Active: She sings a song.
🔹 Passive: A song is sung by her.
💡 Only sentences with an object can be changed into passive.
🟣💠 Tense-wise Rules (with Examples)
1️⃣ 📝 Simple Present
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
👉 is/am/are + V₃
2️⃣ ⏳ Simple Past
Active: He completed the work.
Passive: The work was completed by him.
👉 was/were + V₃
3️⃣ 🔮 Simple Future
Active: She will finish the task.
Passive: The task will be finished by her.
👉 will be + V₃
4️⃣ 📖 Present Continuous
Active: She is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by her.
👉 is/am/are being + V₃
5️⃣ 📚 Present Perfect
Active: She has completed the work.
Passive: The work has been completed by her.
👉 has/have been + V₃
🔴💠 Precautions & Common Errors
⚠ Only transitive verbs (with object) can form passive voice.
❌ He sleeps. (No object → cannot change)
⚠ Always use V₃ (past participle) in passive.
❌ The work was complete by him.
✅ The work was completed by him.
⚠ Change pronouns correctly.
me → by me
him → by him
her → by her
them → by them
⚠ Do not use “by” if doer is unknown or unimportant.
✨ The thief was arrested.
⚠ Keep tense same while changing voice.
🟡💠 Rapid Recall Table
📌 Active → Subject + Verb + Object
📌 Passive → Object + helping verb + V₃
📌 Present → is/am/are + V₃
📌 Past → was/were + V₃
📌 Future → will be + V₃
📌 Perfect → has/have been + V₃
📝 PRACTICE SECTION (Exam Pattern)
🟢 Set A — Change into Passive Voice (12 Q)
1.She writes a letter.
2.He completed the work.
3.They will finish the task.
4.She is singing a song.
5.He has solved the problem.
6.Ram helps me.
7.They cleaned the room.
8.She will buy a car.
9.He is reading a book.
10.They have built a house.
11.The teacher teaches English.
12.She made a cake.
✔ Answers:
1.A letter is written by her.
2.The work was completed by him.
3.The task will be finished by them.
4.A song is being sung by her.
5.The problem has been solved by him.
6.I am helped by Ram.
7.The room was cleaned by them.
8.A car will be bought by her.
9.A book is being read by him.
10.A house has been built by them.
11.English is taught by the teacher.
12.A cake was made by her.
🔵 Set B — Error Correction (10 Q)
1.The work was complete by him. → completed
2.A letter wrote by her. → was written
3.The task will finished by her. → will be finished
4.A song is write by her. → is written
5.The problem has solved by him. → has been solved
6.A car will bought by her. → will be bought
7.The room cleaned by them. → was cleaned
8.English is teach by teacher. → is taught
9.A house have been built. → has been built
10.The cake was make by her. → was made
🟣 Set C — MCQs (6 Q)
🔒 ❓ Q1. She writes a letter. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ A letter is written by her.
🔵 2️⃣ A letter was written by her.
🟡 3️⃣ A letter written by her.
🟣 4️⃣ A letter is write by her.
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ A letter is written by her.
🔒 ❓ Q2. He completed the work. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ The work was completed by him.
🔵 2️⃣ The work is completed by him.
🟡 3️⃣ The work completed by him.
🟣 4️⃣ The work was complete by him.
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ The work was completed by him.
🔒 ❓ Q3. They will finish the task. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ The task will finished by them.
🔵 2️⃣ The task will be finished by them.
🟡 3️⃣ The task finished by them.
🟣 4️⃣ The task is finished by them.
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ The task will be finished by them.
🔒 ❓ Q4. She is singing a song. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ A song is sung by her.
🔵 2️⃣ A song is being sung by her.
🟡 3️⃣ A song sung by her.
🟣 4️⃣ A song was sung by her.
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ A song is being sung by her.
🔒 ❓ Q5. He has solved the problem. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ The problem has solved by him.
🔵 2️⃣ The problem has been solved by him.
🟡 3️⃣ The problem was solved by him.
🟣 4️⃣ The problem solved by him.
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ The problem has been solved by him.
🔒 ❓ Q6. The teacher teaches English. (Passive)
🟢 1️⃣ English is taught by the teacher.
🔵 2️⃣ English was taught by the teacher.
🟡 3️⃣ English teaches by teacher.
🟣 4️⃣ English is teach by teacher.
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ English is taught by the teacher.
🔴 Set D — Sentence Transformation (6 Q)
1.❌ A letter wrote by her.
✅ A letter was written by her.
2.❌ The work complete by him.
✅ The work was completed by him.
3.❌ The task will finished by her.
✅ The task will be finished by her.
4.❌ A cake make by her.
✅ A cake was made by her.
5.❌ The problem has solved by him.
✅ The problem has been solved by him.
6.❌ English teach by teacher.
✅ English is taught by the teacher.
🌟 Final Summary (Quick Memory Box)
✨ Active → subject does action.
✨ Passive → subject receives action.
✨ Use V₃ in passive.
✨ Keep tense same while changing voice.
✨ Only transitive verbs form passive.
🏆 CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY
✔ All tense conversions rechecked.
✔ V₃ forms verified (written, taught, built, made).
✔ Helping verbs matched with tense correctly.
✔ Pronoun changes validated.
✔ All answers double-checked for grammatical accuracy.
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CONJUNCTION
🟦 CONJUNCTION
🔵💠 What is a Conjunction?
🌈 Definition: A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.
🎯 It connects ideas in a sentence.
✨ Example: Ram and Shyam are friends.
🟢💠 Basic Function
👉 Word + Conjunction + Word
👉 Clause + Conjunction + Clause
🔹 She is poor but honest.
🔹 I stayed home because it was raining.
💡 Conjunctions improve sentence flow.
🟣💠 Types of Conjunctions (with Examples)
1️⃣ 📝 Coordinating Conjunctions
📌 Join words or equal clauses.
✨ and, but, or, so, yet, for
✨ She likes tea and coffee.
✨ He is poor but honest.
2️⃣ 🔗 Subordinating Conjunctions
📌 Join main clause with subordinate clause.
✨ because, although, if, when, while, since
✨ I stayed home because it was raining.
✨ Although he was tired, he worked hard.
3️⃣ ⚖ Correlative Conjunctions
📌 Work in pairs.
✨ either…or
✨ neither…nor
✨ both…and
✨ not only…but also
✨ Either Ram or Shyam will come.
✨ Both Riya and Meena are present.
🔴💠 Precautions & Common Errors
⚠ Do not use double conjunctions.
❌ Although it was raining but we played.
✅ Although it was raining, we played.
⚠ Do not repeat because + so.
❌ Because he was ill so he stayed home.
✅ Because he was ill, he stayed home.
⚠ With correlative conjunctions, keep parallel structure.
❌ She is not only smart but also sings.
✅ She is not only smart but also talented.
⚠ Use correct verb with either…or / neither…nor (nearest subject rule).
❌ Either the boys or the teacher are coming.
✅ Either the boys or the teacher is coming.
⚠ Do not start every sentence with “and” or “but” in formal writing.
🟡💠 Rapid Recall Table
📌 Coordinating → and, but, or, so
📌 Subordinating → because, although, if, when
📌 Correlative → either…or, neither…nor
📌 And → addition
📌 But → contrast
📌 Because → reason
📝 PRACTICE SECTION (Exam Pattern)
🟢 Set A — Fill in the Blanks (12 Q)
1.She is poor _ honest.
2.I stayed home _ it was raining.
3.Do you want tea _ coffee?
4.He worked hard _ he passed the exam.
5._ it was raining, we went out.
6.Either Ram _ Shyam will come.
7.She likes apples _ bananas.
8.He was tired _ he continued working.
9._ he is rich, he is unhappy.
10.You can go now _ wait here.
11.Both Riya _ Meena are present.
12.She did not come _ she was ill.
✔ Answers: but, because, or, so, Although, or, and, but, Although, or, and, because
🔵 Set B — Error Correction (10 Q)
1.Although it was raining but we played. → Although it was raining, we played.
2.Because he was ill so he stayed home. → Because he was ill, he stayed home.
3.Either Ram and Shyam will come. → Either Ram or Shyam will come.
4.She is not only smart but also sings. → but also talented
5.He is poor and honest but. → He is poor but honest.
6.She likes tea because coffee. → or coffee
7.Neither Ram or Shyam are present. → is present
8.Both Riya or Meena are here. → Both Riya and Meena are here.
9.He was tired so but he worked. → but he worked
10.She came although she was sick but. → although she was sick.
🟣 Set C — MCQs (6 Q)
🔒 ❓ Q1. She is poor _ honest.
🟢 1️⃣ and
🔵 2️⃣ but
🟡 3️⃣ or
🟣 4️⃣ because
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ but
🔒 ❓ Q2. I stayed home _ it was raining.
🟢 1️⃣ because
🔵 2️⃣ but
🟡 3️⃣ and
🟣 4️⃣ or
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ because
🔒 ❓ Q3. Either Ram _ Shyam will come.
🟢 1️⃣ and
🔵 2️⃣ but
🟡 3️⃣ or
🟣 4️⃣ because
✔ Answer: 🟡 3️⃣ or
🔒 ❓ Q4. She likes apples _ bananas.
🟢 1️⃣ but
🔵 2️⃣ and
🟡 3️⃣ because
🟣 4️⃣ although
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ and
🔒 ❓ Q5. _ he was tired, he worked hard.
🟢 1️⃣ Because
🔵 2️⃣ Although
🟡 3️⃣ And
🟣 4️⃣ Or
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ Although
🔒 ❓ Q6. Both Riya _ Meena are present.
🟢 1️⃣ and
🔵 2️⃣ or
🟡 3️⃣ but
🟣 4️⃣ because
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ and
🔴 Set D — Sentence Transformation (6 Q)
1.❌ Because he was ill so he stayed home.
✅ Because he was ill, he stayed home.
2.❌ Although it was raining but we played.
✅ Although it was raining, we played.
3.❌ Either Ram and Shyam will come.
✅ Either Ram or Shyam will come.
4.❌ Both Riya or Meena are here.
✅ Both Riya and Meena are here.
5.❌ She is poor and honest but.
✅ She is poor but honest.
6.❌ Neither Ram or Shyam is present.
✅ Neither Ram nor Shyam is present.
🌟 Final Summary (Quick Memory Box)
✨ Conjunctions join words or clauses.
✨ Coordinating → equal clauses.
✨ Subordinating → main + dependent clause.
✨ Correlative → work in pairs.
✨ Avoid double conjunction errors.
🏆 CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY
✔ All conjunction types correctly classified.
✔ Double conjunction errors corrected.
✔ Correlative structure verified.
✔ Nearest subject rule rechecked.
✔ All answers grammatically validated.
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MODEL AUXILIARIES
🟦 MODAL AUXILIARIES
🔵💠 What are Modal Auxiliaries?
🌈 Definition: Helping verbs that express ability, permission, possibility, obligation, or advice.
🎯 They are used before the main verb.
✨ Example: She can swim.
🟢💠 Basic Structure Rule
👉 Subject + Modal + Base Verb (V₁)
🔹 She can swim.
🔹 He must work hard.
🔹 They should help others.
💡 Modal verbs do not take “s/es” or “-ing”.
🟣💠 Common Modal Auxiliaries (with Uses & Examples)
1️⃣ 📝 Can / Could
📌 Ability / Permission / Possibility
✨ She can dance.
✨ Could you help me?
2️⃣ 📖 May / Might
📌 Permission / Possibility
✨ May I come in?
✨ It might rain today.
3️⃣ ⚖ Must
📌 Strong obligation / Duty
✨ You must follow rules.
4️⃣ 💡 Should
📌 Advice / Suggestion
✨ You should study daily.
5️⃣ 🚀 Will / Would
📌 Future / Polite request / Habit (past)
✨ I will help you.
✨ Would you like tea?
6️⃣ 🔐 Have to / Had to
📌 Compulsion / Necessity
✨ I have to finish my work.
✨ She had to leave early.
🔴💠 Precautions & Common Errors
⚠ Always use base form (V₁) after modal.
❌ She can swims.
✅ She can swim.
⚠ Do not add “s/es” with modal verbs.
❌ He cans swim.
✅ He can swim.
⚠ Do not use two modals together.
❌ He will can come.
✅ He will be able to come.
⚠ “Must” shows strong obligation, “should” shows advice.
⚠ Use “may” for formal permission.
⚠ Negative form → modal + not (cannot, should not, must not).
🟡💠 Rapid Recall Table
📌 Can → ability
📌 Could → past ability / polite request
📌 May → permission
📌 Might → possibility
📌 Must → strong duty
📌 Should → advice
📌 Will → future
📌 Have to → compulsion
📝 PRACTICE SECTION (Exam Pattern)
🟢 Set A — Fill in the Blanks (12 Q)
1.She _ swim very well. (can/must)
2._ I come in? (May/Should)
3.You _ obey your parents. (must/could)
4.It _ rain today. (might/can)
5.He _ finish his homework. (has to/may)
6.We _ help the poor. (should/will)
7.She _ speak French when she was five. (could/must)
8.I _ call you tomorrow. (will/should)
9.You _ not tell lies. (must/has to)
10.He _ be at home now. (may/can)
11.They _ complete the work yesterday. (had to/can)
12._ you please help me? (Would/Must)
✔ Answers: can, May, must, might, has to, should, could, will, must, may, had to, Would
🔵 Set B — Error Correction (10 Q)
1.She can swims. → can swim
2.He must to work hard. → must work
3.You should to study. → should study
4.He will can come. → will be able to come
5.She cans sing. → can sing
6.May you help me? → Could you help me?
7.He might can win. → might win
8.You must not to lie. → must not lie
9.She have to go. → has to go
10.He should studies daily. → should study
🟣 Set C — MCQs (6 Q)
🔒 ❓ Q1. She _ swim very well.
🟢 1️⃣ can
🔵 2️⃣ must
🟡 3️⃣ has
🟣 4️⃣ does
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ can
🔒 ❓ Q2. You _ obey your parents.
🟢 1️⃣ should
🔵 2️⃣ must
🟡 3️⃣ may
🟣 4️⃣ could
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ must
🔒 ❓ Q3. _ I come in?
🟢 1️⃣ Must
🔵 2️⃣ Should
🟡 3️⃣ May
🟣 4️⃣ Will
✔ Answer: 🟡 3️⃣ May
🔒 ❓ Q4. He _ finish his work yesterday.
🟢 1️⃣ had to
🔵 2️⃣ can
🟡 3️⃣ must
🟣 4️⃣ will
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ had to
🔒 ❓ Q5. You _ study hard. (advice)
🟢 1️⃣ must
🔵 2️⃣ should
🟡 3️⃣ may
🟣 4️⃣ might
✔ Answer: 🔵 2️⃣ should
🔒 ❓ Q6. It _ rain today.
🟢 1️⃣ might
🔵 2️⃣ must
🟡 3️⃣ has
🟣 4️⃣ does
✔ Answer: 🟢 1️⃣ might
🔴 Set D — Sentence Transformation (6 Q)
1.❌ She can sings.
✅ She can sing.
2.❌ He must to work hard.
✅ He must work hard.
3.❌ You should to help him.
✅ You should help him.
4.❌ He will can come.
✅ He will be able to come.
5.❌ She cans dance.
✅ She can dance.
6.❌ You must not to lie.
✅ You must not lie.
🌟 Final Summary (Quick Memory Box)
✨ Modal + base verb (V₁).
✨ No “s/es” after modal.
✨ Must → strong duty.
✨ Should → advice.
✨ May/Might → possibility or permission.
✨ Cannot / should not / must not for negative.
🏆 CERTIFICATE OF ACCURACY
✔ Modal forms and structures rechecked.
✔ Base verb rule verified.
✔ Tense consistency maintained.
✔ Negative forms validated.
✔ All answers grammatically correct.
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