Class 12 : Grography (English) – Lesson 2. The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth
EXPLANATION & SUMMARY
🔵 INTRODUCTION
Population is one of the most fundamental aspects of human geography. It is important to study population as it directly affects and shapes the economy, society, culture, and environment. The distribution, density, and growth of population reveal how people are spread across the earth, how resources are utilised, and how human settlements have evolved.
🌿 Population Geography focuses on:
Where people live (distribution)
How densely they live (density)
How fast their numbers change (growth)
✏️ Note: This chapter provides a global overview of these three components.
🟢 PATTERNS OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD
Population Distribution:
➡️ Distribution refers to the way people are spread across the Earth’s surface.
✔️ Uneven Distribution: Population is not evenly spread worldwide. Some regions are densely populated, while others are almost empty.
✔️ Concentration of Population: 90% of the world’s population lives in about 10% of the land area.
Major Areas of High Population Concentration:
🔵 East Asia (China, Japan, Korea)
🟢 South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka)
🔴 Europe (especially Western and Central Europe)
🟡 North-Eastern USA and South-Eastern Canada
🌿 These areas are marked by fertile plains, river valleys, favourable climate, and developed economies.
Areas of Low Population:
➡️ Sparsely populated regions include deserts, polar areas, and dense forests.
Examples: Sahara Desert, Amazon Basin, Arctic and Antarctic regions.
💡 Concept: Favourable physical conditions lead to higher population concentration.
🔴 DENSITY OF POPULATION
Meaning of Density:
Density refers to the number of people living per unit area, usually per square kilometre. It shows the pressure of population on land and resources.
Types of Density:
🟡 Arithmetic Density: Total population ÷ Total land area
🟢 Physiological Density: Population ÷ Arable land area
🔴 Agricultural Density: Agricultural population ÷ Arable land area
Global Variation in Density:
High Density: South and East Asia, Europe
Low Density: Deserts, mountainous areas, tundra regions
✏️ Note: High density does not always mean overpopulation. Developed areas may sustain high densities through efficient resource use.
🟢 FACTORS INFLUENCING POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Physical Factors:
🔵 Climate: Moderate climates attract people; extreme climates repel them.
🟢 Soil Fertility: Fertile river plains support large populations.
🔴 Water Availability: Areas near rivers, lakes, and coasts are favoured.
🟡 Relief: Plains and valleys are preferred over mountains.
Economic Factors:
➡️ Areas with industries, jobs, infrastructure, and trade opportunities attract more people.
Social and Political Factors:
✔️ Stable governments, peaceful environments, and social security encourage settlement.
✔️ Migration is affected by policies, wars, and conflicts.
💡 Concept: Distribution results from the interaction between physical, social, and economic factors.
🔴 PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD
Population Growth:
It refers to the change in the number of people living in a place over a period of time.
Historical Perspective:
Early Period: Slow growth due to limited food and high mortality.
Post-Industrial Revolution: Rapid growth due to advances in health, sanitation, and food production.
Recent Trends:
High growth in developing countries.
Low or negative growth in some developed countries (e.g., Germany, Japan).
🟡 COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
1️⃣ Birth Rate:
Number of live births per 1000 people per year. Higher birth rates increase population rapidly.
2️⃣ Death Rate:
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year. Declining death rates due to healthcare advancements lead to population growth.
3️⃣ Migration:
Movement of people from one place to another.
International migration: Between countries
Internal migration: Within a country
➡️ Migration affects population size and composition in both origin and destination areas.
✏️ Note: Birth and death rates are natural factors; migration is a social factor.
🔵 PATTERNS OF POPULATION CHANGE – REGIONAL VARIATIONS
Developed Countries:
Low birth and death rates
Slow or negative growth
Ageing populations
Developing Countries:
High birth rates, declining death rates
Rapid population growth
Youthful populations
🌿 Population growth is uneven across regions and reflects the level of socio-economic development.
🟢 DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
Concept:
Explains how population growth changes as societies develop economically.
Stages of Demographic Transition:
1️⃣ High Stationary: High birth and death rates; slow growth (pre-industrial)
2️⃣ Early Expanding: Death rates fall; birth rates high; rapid growth
3️⃣ Late Expanding: Birth rates fall; death rates low; growth slows
4️⃣ Low Stationary: Low birth and death rates; stable population
5️⃣ Declining: Very low birth rates; population decline
💡 Concept: Population change is tied to industrialisation, urbanisation, and healthcare.
🔴 IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION GROWTH
Positive Effects:
Large labour force
Bigger market for goods
Potential for innovation and economic growth
Negative Effects:
Pressure on resources
Unemployment
Environmental degradation
Strain on health, education, housing
🟡 POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
Government Initiatives:
Family planning programmes
Education and awareness campaigns
Incentives for small families
Role of Education:
Increases awareness
Delays marriages
Empowers women
🌿 Population control helps achieve sustainable development.
🔵 REAL-LIFE CONNECTION
Population studies help in urban planning, resource management, healthcare, and disaster preparedness. Understanding population patterns helps governments and organisations to frame appropriate policies.
🟢 WHY THIS LESSON MATTERS
➡️ Helps understand how people and resources are linked
➡️ Highlights the impact of population on development and environment
➡️ Provides a basis for future planning and policymaking
🌿 Knowledge of population geography aids in building a balanced, sustainable world.
📝 QUICK RECAP:
🔵 Distribution – Uneven; concentrated in Asia, Europe, N. America
🟢 Density – High in fertile plains, low in deserts/mountains
🔴 Growth – Fast in developing countries, slow in developed
🟡 Factors – Physical, economic, social, political
➡️ Transition – Follows demographic stages
⚡ Effects – Both positive and negative
SUMMARY (300 WORDS)
🔵 World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth
Population geography studies how people are distributed, how densely they live, and how their numbers change over time.
🟢 Distribution:
Population is unevenly spread across the globe. Asia, Europe, and parts of North America are densely populated due to favourable physical and economic conditions. Deserts, polar regions, and forests have sparse populations.
🔴 Density:
Population density refers to people per square kilometre. Types include arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural densities. High densities are found in fertile plains; low densities in harsh climates.
🟡 Growth:
Population growth patterns differ globally. Developing countries show high growth; developed countries show stable or declining trends. Growth depends on birth rates, death rates, and migration.
🔵 Factors Influencing Distribution:
Physical factors (climate, soil, water), economic factors (industries, jobs), and political stability shape where people live.
🟢 Demographic Transition:
Populations evolve through stages – from high birth and death rates to low and stable rates. This theory explains variations in growth across regions.
🔴 Implications:
Population growth affects resources, employment, infrastructure, and environment. Uncontrolled growth leads to poverty, pollution, and resource scarcity.
🟡 Control Measures:
Education, family planning, and government policies help manage population growth for sustainable development.
🌿 Importance:
Understanding population patterns aids in planning urbanisation, resource use, and sustainable policies. It connects human activity with environmental and economic factors.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of population?
(a) Africa
(b) South America
(c) Asia
(d) North America
ANSWER 1 (i)
➡️ Correct Answer: (c) Asia
🔵 Asia is the continent with the highest population growth due to high birth rates and improvements in healthcare facilities.
QUESTION 1 (ii)
Which one of the following is not an area of sparse population?
(a) The Atacama
(b) South-east Asia
(c) Equatorial region
(d) Polar regions
ANSWER 1 (ii)
➡️ Correct Answer: (b) South-east Asia
🟢 South-east Asia is densely populated due to favourable climate, fertile plains, and water availability.
QUESTION 1 (iii)
Which one of the following is not a push factor?
(a) Water shortage
(b) Medical/educational facilities
(c) Unemployment
(d) Epidemics
ANSWER 1 (iii)
➡️ Correct Answer: (b) Medical/educational facilities
🟡 Medical and educational facilities are pull factors because they attract people, not push them away.
QUESTION 1 (iv)
Which one of the following is not a fact?
(a) Human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years.
(b) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition.
ANSWER 1 (iv)
➡️ Correct Answer: (b) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition.
🔴 In the first stage, both birth and death rates are high, so population growth remains low.
QUESTION 2
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three geographical factors that influence the distribution of population.
ANSWER 2 (i)
🔵 Three geographical factors are:
1️⃣ Availability of water
2️⃣ Favourable climate
3️⃣ Fertile soils
➡️ These factors support agriculture, settlement, and provide a suitable environment for living.
QUESTION 2 (ii)
There are a number of areas with high population density in the world. Why does this happen?
ANSWER 2 (ii)
🟢 High population density occurs where there are favourable conditions like fertile plains, moderate climate, availability of water, and employment opportunities which support human settlements.
QUESTION 2 (iii)
What are the three components of population change?
ANSWER 2 (iii)
🔴 Three components are:
1️⃣ Birth rate
2️⃣ Death rate
3️⃣ Migration
➡️ These factors together determine the increase or decrease of population in any region.
QUESTION 3
Distinguish between:
(i) Birth rate and death rate.
ANSWER 3 (i)
🔵 Birth Rate:
✔️ Number of live births per 1000 people per year.
✔️ Increases population.
🟢 Death Rate:
✔️ Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
✔️ Decreases population.
QUESTION 3 (ii)
Push factors and pull factors of migration.
ANSWER 3 (ii)
🔴 Push Factors:
✔️ Conditions that force people to leave their place.
✔️ Examples: Unemployment, poverty, natural disasters.
🟡 Pull Factors:
✔️ Conditions that attract people to a new place.
✔️ Examples: Better jobs, education, healthcare.
QUESTION 4
Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Discuss the factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world.
ANSWER 4 (i)
🔵 Factors influencing population distribution and density:
🟢 Physical Factors:
✔️ Climate: Moderate climates attract more people.
✔️ Soil: Fertile soil supports agriculture.
✔️ Water: Proximity to water bodies supports settlements.
✔️ Relief: Plains are more populated than mountains.
🔴 Economic Factors:
✔️ Availability of jobs in industries and services attracts people.
✔️ Trade opportunities and infrastructure promote settlement.
🟡 Social and Political Factors:
✔️ Peaceful environments and stable governments encourage population concentration.
✔️ Migration policies also impact distribution.
💡 Areas with good living conditions, employment opportunities, and infrastructure tend to have high population density.
QUESTION 4 (ii)
Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.
ANSWER 4 (ii)
🔵 Three stages of demographic transition:
1️⃣ First Stage (High Stationary):
✔️ High birth rate and high death rate.
✔️ Population growth is very slow.
2️⃣ Second Stage (Early Expanding):
✔️ Death rate declines due to medical improvements.
✔️ Birth rate remains high.
✔️ Rapid population growth.
3️⃣ Third Stage (Late Expanding):
✔️ Birth rate starts declining.
✔️ Death rate remains low.
✔️ Population growth slows down and stabilises.
💡 This model explains how population growth changes as societies develop economically.
.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
(CBSE MODEL QUESTIONS PAPER)
ESPECIALLY MADE FROM THIS LESSON ONLY
SECTION A: Q1 – Q18 (1 mark each)
Q1. Which of the following continents has the highest population growth rate?
(A) North America
(B) South America
(C) Africa
(D) Asia
Answer: (C) Africa
Q2. Which continent is the most densely populated?
(A) Asia
(B) Europe
(C) North America
(D) Australia
Answer: (A) Asia
Q3. Which of the following is not a physical factor influencing population distribution?
(A) Climate
(B) Soil
(C) Water availability
(D) Government policy
Answer: (D) Government policy
Q4. Which one of the following areas has sparse population?
(A) Ganga Plains
(B) Amazon Basin
(C) Nile Delta
(D) North-Eastern USA
Answer: (B) Amazon Basin
Q5. Which region is densely populated due to industrialisation?
(A) Sahara Desert
(B) Western Europe
(C) Greenland
(D) Antarctica
Answer: (B) Western Europe
Q6. Population density is measured by:
(A) People per hectare
(B) People per square kilometre
(C) Families per house
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B) People per square kilometre
Q7. Physiological density refers to:
(A) People per square kilometre of total land
(B) People per square kilometre of arable land
(C) Number of farmers per square kilometre
(D) Number of children per family
Answer: (B) People per square kilometre of arable land
Q8. Which one of the following is NOT a densely populated area?
(A) Nile Delta
(B) Ganga Plains
(C) Western Europe
(D) Arctic Tundra
Answer: (D) Arctic Tundra
Q9. Birth rate is expressed as:
(A) Births per 1000 people per year
(B) Births per 1000 people per decade
(C) Births per family
(D) Births per country
Answer: (A) Births per 1000 people per year
Q10. Death rate is expressed as:
(A) Deaths per 1000 people per year
(B) Deaths per 1000 people per month
(C) Deaths per 1000 families
(D) Deaths per country
Answer: (A) Deaths per 1000 people per year
Q11. Migration includes:
(A) Only international movement
(B) Only rural to urban movement
(C) Both internal and international movement
(D) Only movement of refugees
Answer: (C) Both internal and international movement
Q12. Which stage of demographic transition shows high birth and death rates?
(A) First stage
(B) Second stage
(C) Third stage
(D) None
Answer: (A) First stage
Q13. Assertion (A): Population density is low in deserts.
Reason (R): Deserts have unfavourable living conditions.
Options:
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) Both A and R are false.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q14. Which of the following is a pull factor of migration?
(A) Unemployment
(B) Better job opportunities
(C) Natural disaster
(D) Political unrest
Answer: (B) Better job opportunities
Q15. Which one is not a component of population change?
(A) Birth rate
(B) Death rate
(C) Migration
(D) Temperature
Answer: (D) Temperature
Q16. High birth rate and low death rate result in:
(A) Population decline
(B) Population stability
(C) Population explosion
(D) No change in population
Answer: (C) Population explosion
Q17. The world’s population has increased more than ten times in the last:
(A) 100 years
(B) 200 years
(C) 500 years
(D) 50 years
Answer: (C) 500 years
Q18. Which continent has the lowest population density?
(A) Europe
(B) Asia
(C) Antarctica
(D) Africa
Answer: (C) Antarctica
SECTION B (Q19–Q23)
(2 Marks Each)
Q19. Define population density. Give one reason why some areas have high population density.
Answer:
🔵 Population density is defined as the number of people living per unit area, usually per square kilometre.
🟢 Areas with fertile plains and water availability, like the Ganga plains, have high density because they support agriculture and human settlements easily.
Q20. State any two human factors affecting the distribution of population.
Answer:
🟡 1️⃣ Economic opportunities such as availability of industries, trade, and employment attract people to settle in certain areas.
🟢 2️⃣ Social factors like education, healthcare facilities, and peaceful political conditions also influence population distribution.
Q21. What is meant by the term ‘migration’? Name its two types.
Answer:
🔵 Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of better living conditions.
🟢 Two types of migration:
1️⃣ Internal migration (within the same country)
2️⃣ International migration (between different countries)
Q22. Why is population growth rapid in developing countries?
Answer:
🔵 Developing countries often have high birth rates and declining death rates due to improvements in healthcare.
🟢 Lack of awareness and education about family planning also contributes to rapid population growth.
Q23. Name any two consequences of high population growth.
Answer:
🟡 1️⃣ Increased pressure on natural resources like land, water, and forests.
🟢 2️⃣ Rising unemployment and poverty due to more people competing for limited resources.
SECTION C (Q24–Q28)
(3 Marks Each)
Q24. Explain three physical factors influencing the distribution of population.
Answer:
🔵 Climate: Moderate climates support more people compared to extreme climates.
🟢 Soil: Fertile soils, especially in river valleys, encourage dense settlements.
🟡 Water availability: Areas with abundant water sources like rivers or lakes attract more people as water is essential for drinking, farming, and industries.
Q25. State three characteristics of areas with high population density.
Answer:
🔵 Areas are usually urbanised with good infrastructure.
🟢 They offer employment opportunities and better living standards.
🟡 They have access to healthcare, education, and transport facilities.
Q26. Differentiate between birth rate and death rate with examples.
Answer:
🔵 Birth Rate: Number of live births per 1000 people per year. For example, India has a higher birth rate than Japan.
🟢 Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1000 people per year. For example, developed countries like Germany have a low death rate.
Q27. Explain the three components of population change in detail.
Answer:
🔵 Birth Rate: Increases population by adding new individuals.
🟢 Death Rate: Decreases population by reducing the number of individuals.
🟡 Migration: Affects population both positively (influx) and negatively (outflow), depending on movement patterns.
Q28. Describe any three consequences of uneven population distribution in the world.
Answer:
🔵 Overcrowded areas face resource shortages, pollution, and unemployment.
🟢 Sparsely populated regions often remain underdeveloped due to lack of human resources.
🟡 Uneven distribution leads to economic imbalances between regions.
SECTION D (Q29–Q31)
(4 Marks Each — Case-Based Questions with Internal Parts)
Q29. Read the following case and answer the questions below:
“The distribution of population in the world is highly uneven. While certain areas like river valleys and coastal plains have dense populations, deserts and polar regions are sparsely populated.”
(i) Name two densely populated regions of the world. (1)
(ii) State any one reason why deserts have sparse population. (1)
(iii) Explain two reasons why river valleys support high population. (2)
ANSWER 29:
(i) Ganga Plains in India and Nile Valley in Egypt.
(ii) Deserts lack water availability, making agriculture and habitation difficult.
(iii)
1️⃣ River valleys provide fertile soil for agriculture.
2️⃣ They offer easy access to water for drinking, irrigation, and transport.
Q30. Read the following case and answer the questions below:
“Migration has played an important role in shaping the population distribution and composition in different regions of the world.”
(i) What is migration? (1)
(ii) Mention one example of internal migration. (1)
(iii) State two impacts of migration on population distribution. (2)
ANSWER 30:
(i) Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
(ii) Movement from rural areas to cities within India.
(iii)
1️⃣ Migration increases population in urban areas.
2️⃣ It leads to depopulation in rural or less developed areas.
Q31. Read the passage and answer the questions:
“Demographic Transition Theory explains the relationship between economic development and population change through different stages of birth and death rates.”
(i) How many stages are there in Demographic Transition Theory? (1)
(ii) What happens to the death rate in the second stage? (1)
(iii) Describe any two features of the third stage. (2)
ANSWER 31:
(i) There are three stages.
(ii) Death rate declines rapidly due to better healthcare and sanitation.
(iii)
1️⃣ Birth rate declines significantly.
2️⃣ Population growth slows down and stabilises.
SECTION E (Q32–Q35)
(5 Marks Each — Long Answer Questions with Step-by-Step Explanation)
Q32. Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of population in the world.
ANSWER 32:
🔵 Physical Factors:
1️⃣ Climate: Moderate climates attract dense populations.
2️⃣ Soil: Fertile plains support agriculture and dense settlements.
3️⃣ Water availability: Rivers and lakes encourage habitation.
🟢 Economic Factors:
1️⃣ Industrial areas provide job opportunities, attracting people.
2️⃣ Developed transport systems encourage settlement.
🟡 Social and Political Factors:
1️⃣ Peaceful environments attract people for security.
2️⃣ Areas with better healthcare and education attract families.
➡️ Population distribution is the result of interaction between these factors.
Q33. Describe the consequences of rapid population growth in developing countries.
ANSWER 33:
🔵 Economic Consequences:
1️⃣ Unemployment rises as population outgrows job opportunities.
2️⃣ Poverty increases due to limited resources.
🟢 Social Consequences:
1️⃣ Pressure on housing, education, and healthcare.
2️⃣ Increased migration to urban areas causing slums.
🟡 Environmental Consequences:
1️⃣ Deforestation and overuse of land.
2️⃣ Water and air pollution rise.
➡️ Rapid growth affects both people’s quality of life and the environment.
Q34. Discuss the three stages of Demographic Transition Theory in detail.
ANSWER 34:
🔵 Stage 1 (High Stationary):
High birth and death rates.
Population growth is negligible.
🟢 Stage 2 (Early Expanding):
Death rates decline due to improved healthcare.
Birth rates remain high.
Population grows rapidly.
🟡 Stage 3 (Late Expanding/Low Stationary):
Birth rates decline due to awareness and family planning.
Death rates remain low.
Growth stabilises or slows.
➡️ This theory explains how population growth transitions as economies develop.
Q35. Explain the impacts of migration on both the origin and destination regions.
ANSWER 35:
🔵 Impacts on Destination Regions:
1️⃣ Increases workforce availability.
2️⃣ Encourages urbanisation and economic growth.
3️⃣ Can lead to overcrowding and pressure on resources.
🟢 Impacts on Origin Regions:
1️⃣ Reduces population pressure.
2️⃣ Can cause brain drain if skilled people leave.
3️⃣ Remittances sent back improve local economy.
🟡 Social Effects:
1️⃣ Cultural diversity increases in cities.
2️⃣ Potential for social tensions.
➡️ Migration reshapes population patterns and influences socio-economic conditions.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
QUESTIONS FROM COMPETITION EXAMS
🔵 Q1. Which factor is the most significant in determining population distribution?
(A) Climate
(B) Religion
(C) Language
(D) Sports
✅ Answer: (A) Climate
📅 Exam: UPSC Prelims 2012
📝 Explanation: Climate determines habitability, agriculture, resources.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q2. Which of the following areas has the highest population density?
(A) Ganga Plains
(B) Western Ghats
(C) Rajasthan Desert
(D) Himalayas
✅ Answer: (A) Ganga Plains
📅 Exam: SSC CGL 2016
📝 Explanation: Fertile land supports dense population.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q3. Population density is measured as:
(A) People per square kilometer
(B) People per square mile
(C) Total GDP / Population
(D) Literacy rate
✅ Answer: (A) People per square kilometer
📅 Exam: SSC JE 2017
📝 Explanation: Standard global method.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q4. Which stage of demographic transition shows population explosion?
(A) Stage 1
(B) Stage 2
(C) Stage 3
(D) Stage 4
✅ Answer: (B) Stage 2
📅 Exam: UPSC Prelims 2015
📝 Explanation: High birth, falling death rate.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q5. Which country is projected to surpass China in population by 2030?
(A) India
(B) USA
(C) Brazil
(D) Russia
✅ Answer: (A) India
📅 Exam: SSC CHSL 2017
📝 Explanation: India’s growth exceeds China’s declining rate.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q6. Natural growth rate is calculated as:
(A) Birth rate – Death rate
(B) Birth rate + Death rate
(C) Death rate ÷ Birth rate
(D) Population ÷ Area
✅ Answer: (A) Birth rate – Death rate
📅 Exam: SSC GD 2018
📝 Explanation: Shows population increase/decrease.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q7. Dependency ratio is high where:
(A) Young and old populations are larger
(B) Working population is larger
(C) Migration is high
(D) Life expectancy is low
✅ Answer: (A) Young and old populations are larger
📅 Exam: UPSC Prelims 2013
📝 Explanation: Higher dependents vs. workforce.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q8. Malthusian theory warns about:
(A) Unlimited food supply
(B) Population growing faster than resources
(C) Increasing education
(D) Scientific advancements
✅ Answer: (B) Population growing faster than resources
📅 Exam: SSC CGL 2016
📝 Explanation: Leads to checks like famine, disease.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q9. Which of the following countries has negative population growth?
(A) Germany
(B) India
(C) Nigeria
(D) Brazil
✅ Answer: (A) Germany
📅 Exam: SSC CHSL 2016
📝 Explanation: Aging population, low fertility.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q10. Population pyramids show:
(A) GDP
(B) Age and sex structure
(C) Literacy rate
(D) Land area
✅ Answer: (B) Age and sex structure
📅 Exam: UPSC Prelims 2012
📝 Explanation: Graphical representation of population.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q11. India’s National Population Policy aims for stability by:
(A) 2025
(B) 2030
(C) 2045
(D) 2050
✅ Answer: (C) 2045
📅 Exam: UPSC Prelims 2015
📝 Explanation: As per Population Policy 2000.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔵 Q12. Population explosion results in:
(A) Better education
(B) Unemployment
(C) Political stability
(D) Decreased pollution
✅ Answer: (B) Unemployment
📅 Exam: SSC JE 2017
📝 Explanation: Excess workforce, fewer jobs.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
KNOWLEDGE WITH FUN
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
MISCONCEPTIONS “ALERTS”
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
MNEMONICS
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–